Stone sawing process

A mechanism of cooling lubricants

    Cooling lubricant can fully improve conditions for stone cutting, mainly by the emulsifier and the base oil composition, hence it was known as lubricants, as these substances dissolve in water emulsion state after the general was also known as emulsion fluid. Stone cutting mechanism of the cooling lubricant is more complex, different objects have different ways of cooling lubricants, both physical phenomena have chemical phenomena.

    1.1 pairs of the mechanism of diamond

    (1) reduce the interface of diamond cutting of the temperature of a rock

    Cooling lubricant is a surfactant, it adsorbed on the diamond surface of a rock, and the formation of lubricating film to improve the lubricity of diamond interface, reducing the friction resistance to sawing the lowest heat generated in the process, thereby reducing the interface temperature, or decrease the speed of diamond or graphite oxide, helps maintain the hardness and strength of diamond. Based on laboratory determination of content of 0.2% of the cooling lubricant to a rock of diamond industry and the friction coefficient lower than 60% of water over time. In addition, because the cooling lubricant granite in the adsorption orientation of diamond and the formation of the rock surface lubricating film, making the friction drag reduction. Adsorption capacity of the lubricant film strength and intensity of the molecular structure of lubricants and cooling and absorption genes.

    (2) to speed up a rock of diamond cutting of the thermal diffusion rate of the interface

    Diamond has a pro-oil, non-hydrophobic properties. Lower the surface tension of aqueous cooling lubricants, only 32. 5X10-3N/cm, less than 50% of the water. Diamond has a good wettability, low surface tension, the interface can improve the thermal diffusion rate, shorten the time of Diamond effect, weaken the diamond or graphite of the degree of oxidation and improve the work of the diamond for the environment, It helps to reduce wear and tear, thereby enhancing the life of the diamond.

    1.2 pairs of the mechanism of metal binding agents

    Diamond Segments (head) is a combination of diamond and metal powder mixed sintering agent. After the powder sintered into various pieces, played the role of bonded diamond, has become the embryo, in the sawing process, the metal mixture (embryoid bodies) continue to wear the new diamond constantly exposed only to the sawing process continuation of the same bond that affect the speed of saw blade wear life of the important factors.

    (1) reduce the binding agent of a cooling lubricant and the friction resistance of the rock community

    Coolant lubricant not only adsorbed on the diamond surface, the same can also be adsorbed on the surface of the metal binder, a binder to improve the lubricity of the rock surface, reducing friction and drag community, help reduce wear and tear bond. Laboratory test prove that: When using 0.2% of the cooling lubricant, the rock abrasion on the bond can be reduced to the use of water 1 / 10. This bond created favorable conditions for protection of diamond.

    (2) accelerated cooling liquid cooling lubricant powder in the precipitation and discharge as soon as possible

    Cooling lubricant containing certain amount of polymer precipitant. It can quickly gather stones powder particles together to form a corporation in which the rapid settlement. Therefore, the concentration of coolant in the powder greatly reduced, weakening the cooling liquid in the recycling process of wear and tear on the binder to ensure the synchronization of bond and wear of diamond, does not result in premature loss of diamond, extending the use of head life. According to the determination of quartz particles for 20μm diameter, 1g can be adsorbed 0. 1mg cooling lubricant molecules, and quartz particles below 5μm, the adsorption capacity of up to 0. 8mg or more. These generated during stone cutting coolant flush in under the toner can be discharged sooner or later, reduce duplication of broken rock powder.

    1.3 saw the matrix reduction mechanism of deflection

    In the sawing process, the saw blade deflection phenomenon can be serious, leading to device current increases, can not continue cutting. There are two reasons: First, the matrix deformation of blade deflection produced, mainly through the large slit width for the cut, then the matrix can be solved by correction; second is due to saw kerf on both sides of the matrix and between the rock wall friction effects, mainly for the kerf width is normal, in the upper sawing machine is operating normally, the current value of the normal and the deep cutting, the saw blade into the knife had to reduce the concentration or about walking speed. In the second case, the use of cooling lubricants can be addressed effectively, cooling lubricants in the cutting of the interface (the surface of the substrate and the cutting of the rock) to generate physical and chemical adsorption, the formation of a layer of lubricating film thickness. The friction coefficient to 0.38 above; and use the content of 0.2% of the cooling lubricant, the friction coefficient can be immediately reduced to 0.1 or so. The use of cooling lubricants, the base body and the rock wall friction resistance kerf asked more than 70% lower than the original. Resistance to reduce the sawing, the saw blade by the slice in the improved condition. Blade deflection matrix and vibration under control, thus extending the life of the saw blade.

    2, the composition of the cooling lubricant

    Complete stone cutting cooling lubricants should be emulsifiers, lubricants, and precipitating agent composition, and some occasions, using only surfactant and precipitant, or oil and precipitant. Each of three components of many types, different types of performance vary.

    (1) emulsifier

    It is mainly composed by the surfactant. Surfactant molecule consists of lipophilic and hydrophilic groups of two parts, can be greatly reduced by adding small amount of solvent (usually water) or liquid-solid surface tension interfacial tension and change the system interface state. Structure according to the type of hydrophilic groups and their respective water-soluble ionic state, cooling lubricants can be divided into four categories: anionic cooling lubricant (sodium salt of alkyl shuttle, alkyl sulfonate salts, alkyl vinegar and sodium sulfate, sodium alkyl phosphate vinegar); cation cooling lubricant (secondary amine salt, amine salt, amine salt, quaternary ammonium salt); gender-based cooling lubricants (amino acid type and betaine type); non-ionic cooling lubricants (polyethylene glycol-based polyol-type). Lubrication and cooling emulsifier major role.

    (2) oil

    Lubricants can be summarized into three categories: First, oil, animal oil and vegetable oil is usually; second category is mineral oil, mainly oil products; third is synthetic chemicals. One source of abundant mineral oil, low cost, wide range of practical and good stability, it is the most widely used. Plants and animals have more oil due to stearic acid, chemical stability is poor, and limited sources, the use of much. Synthetic oil is by chemical synthesis into new lubricating oil, mineral oil, it can not meet some of the features to meet the requirements, but the practical scope is narrow, the high cost of less general application. The main components from the dispersion and cooling effect.

    (3) precipitant

    As a precipitating agent in the cooling lubricant additives, can cut the powder produced during the flocculation into the group, and further precipitated out, so that the concentration of coolant in the powder greatly reduced, thus weakening the matrix of the repeated wear and tear on the head will help to extend blade life. According to the role of precipitant precipitated powder principle, it can be divided into inorganic and organic precipitant precipitant two. ① precipitant mainly by inorganic inorganic electrolytes (such as NaCl, Na2SO4); etc.) classes. Its function principle is ionized by the inorganic electrolyte cation (eg Na +) and the powder in the surface electrical properties, so that the repulsive force between the powder and the powder down the surface hydration layer becomes thin, and then sent through the thermal motion of the collision and coalescence. Electrolyte after the precipitate coalescence smaller, more solid. ② mainly composed of marble polymer precipitating agent (eg, polyacrylamide, etc.) classes. Its role is to rely on the principle of adsorption on the polymer chains adsorbed on two or more base while the powder particles in the gap between them "bridge" to, then curl through the macromolecules of these powder particles have suspected, Xu Finally, loss of sedimentation stability. After the powder from polymer flocculation loose, larger.